I would advise picking up a used Fender Jazz Bass or Fender Precision Bass. If it turns out that you absolutely hate it, you will more than likely be able to get all of your money back, because everybody knows what they are. In the meantime, you can play it and start to discover what you like and don't like and apply that knowledge towards defining your next bass.
Fender basses come with either Passive or Active electronics. Which to get is very much a matter of preference, but for someone getting their first bass, I would suggest getting an active bass. You can play most active basses in passive mode, but you cannot play a passive bass in active mode.
When you are looking for a used Fender, recognize that even beyond Jazz (J) or Precision (P), and active v passive, there's one other thing that can impact price of a used instrument.......Where it was made. Typically the pecking order is that Made in Mexico (MIM) costs less than Made in Japan (MIJ) which costs less than Made in America (MIA). Notice I said "costs" and not "is better than". That would touch off a massive debate that nobody would win

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Typically, you can find a used passive MIM J or P for $175 - 250. Active for about $100 bucks more.
Typically you can find a used active MIJ J or P for $375 - 700 (don't know if there are any MIJ passive basses)
Typically, a recent, used passive MIA J or P will run you $400 - 900. Active will run you $6 - 1,200
Then there are "vintage" or "collectibles". You don't wanna go there right now.
The easiest way to get real good pricing data is to go out to eBay and see what recently completed auctions sold at.
Good luck with your shopping
Peace,
James