Well, here is a little crash course for you. All this is in the key of C:
Major scale pattern: W-W-H-W-W-W-H
That means from whatever note you start on make Whole (W) steps and Half (H) steps to finish the pattern. In C, that would be:
C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C
Now, in what ever key you are in each note gets a number from 1 to 8. Here it is in C:
C=1 D=2 E=3 F=4 G=5 A=6 B=7 C=8/octave (same as one)
Now, you have 4 basic chord types which are major, minor, augmented, and diminished. You use the numbers above to make each chord. Here is how you make each one:
Major = 1,3,5 C-E-G
Minor = 1,b3,5 C-Eb-G
Augmented = 1,3,#5 C-E-G#
Diminished = 1,b3,b5 C-Eb-Gb
Now, to answer one of your questions, C#M7, you have to analyze it. This means to play a C# major chord w/a major 7 added on to it like this:
C# - E# - G# - B#
I hope this gets you started cuz you got a long way to go when u start learning about music theory versus playing by ear.
